LONDON (Reuters) - The teaching of citizenship is inadequate in a quarter of secondary schools in England, with some barely featuring it in their curriculum, schools inspectorate Ofsted said on Thursday.
Citizenship was introduced as a compulsory secondary school subject in 2002 to meet concerns over young people's apathy about public life and a perceived breakdown of moral values.
Pupils are
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taught about government, democracy and justice as well as being encouraged to participate in school and community issues.
Earlier this year, Chancellor Gordon Brown asked in a newspaper article how "disengagement among the young" could be addressed by better citizenship courses in schools.
Ofsted said most teachers of citizenship were non-specialists, with many working far from their normal "comfort zone" in subject knowledge and teaching approaches.
It said that in a small number of schools, pupils had difficulty in providing inspectors with any sort of definition of citizenship or its component parts in the National Curriculum.
In one school a pupil told the inspector, "I only heard citizenship mentioned during the last couple of weeks."
But Ofsted added that the standards and achievement of pupils in schools where there was better provision was often impressive.
"Citizenship is still seen as the poor relation of more established subjects but it requires teachers to be highly skilled and able to deal with contentious and sometimes difficult issues," said Ofsted Director of Education Miriam Rosen.
"We have seen enough good practice to know that citizenship education can be successful. This good practice needs to be replicated more widely. It is important that lessons learnt over the last four years lead to improvement."
Academic and author Bernard Crick, one of the architects of citizenship in schools, said the subject's core elements were: social and moral responsibility, community involvement and political literacy.
"Adults expect the young to be good citizens. But they won't be if they don't believe that they can be active citizens, able to change things," he said.
"If pupils discuss real political and social issues, they will then want to find out the principles behind them and by what means and through which institutions citizens can seek resolution or mediation of a problem."
The Department for Education and Skills (DfES) said it was training 1,200 new citizenship teachers over the next two years.
"Citizenship is still a relatively new subject which Ofsted says is improving, said a DfES spokesman.
"Citizenship has had a positive impact on the curriculum in the majority of schools and we are confident it will continue to improve as it becomes more embedded."

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